"Are you hot? Or embarrassed? Why are your cheeks all red?" If you're one of the millions of Americans suffering from rosacea, answering these questions can be a daily annoyance. So let's set the record straight and get to the nitty gritty.
Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory disease that usually affects the face, and sometimes the eyes. Chronic; meaning there is no cure, but there are many treatments that can help control the disease, which I'll discuss in a minute. Inflammatory; meaning the skin is overactive and sensitive, and has lots of white blood cells around oil glands and hair follicles, and dilated blood vessels. Think of it acne's older cousin.
The condition can look different in each individual. Some people have increased blood vessels on the nose and cheeks which makes them look red and flushed. Others may have acne-like lesions: pimples and pustules. More severe cases can have thickened tissue on the nose, making it look bulbous (think W.C. Fields). It can affect the eyes, making them red, dry and feel "grainy." A combination of all or none of the above can be present.
We don't know exactly what causes it. Genetics may play a role. A mite called Demodex folliculorum (that lives on our skin normally) may play a role. It is clear, however, that certain factors may make it worse, although these also vary from person to person. Alcohol, spicy foods, heat, stress, and sun exposure all can aggravate rosacea.
Luckily, a lot of treatments are available. Oral antibiotics, especially tetracyclines, can help to decrease inflammation and calm bumps. Topical antibiotic creams, azelaic acid creams, sulfur washes/creams are all often prescribed. Lasers, like the intense pulsed light, can zap blood vessels and help reduce redness. In severe cases, accutane and surgery may be used. In all cases, sunscreen and sun avoidance should be part of a daily regimen.
So get friendly with your favorite dermatologist, and put an end to those irritating questions.
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